4.1 REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION
4.1.1 Microcontroller 89C52
Computer in its simplest from needs at least three basic blocks: the central processing unit (CPU), Input-output (I/O) and memory (RAM/ROM). The integrated from of CPU is the microprocessor. As the use of microprocessors in control applications increased, development of microcontroller unit or MCU took shape, wherein CPU, I/O and some limited memory on a single, chip was fabricated. Intention was to reduce the chip count as much as possible.
Looking back into the history of microcomputers, one would at first come across the development of microprocessor, I.e.., the processing element, and later on the peripheral devices. The three basic elements – the CPU, I/O devices and memory- have developed in distinct direction. While the CPU has been the proprietary item, the memory devices fall into general-purpose category and the I/O devices may be grouped somewhere in- between.
The reasons for popularity of the microcontroller are as follows:
Ø Instead of focusing upon the larger word length and address space the emphasis in development of microcontroller has been upon exceedingly fast real time control.
Ø It has focused upon the integration of the facilities needed to support fast control into single chip.
Ø The integration of the basic blocks of a microcomputer system into a single chip brings about some architectural advantages.
Ø The execution speed of the processing is limited only by the speed of the chip, as there is no slow down from transferring data between memory and CPU as in the multi-chip design.
Ø The inclusion of data and program memories simplifies the user’s hardware interface problems and system implementation. As most of the peripherals are induced in a single chip the system will be compact.
The control applications of microprocessors have different requirements, both hardware-wise as well as software-wise. Whereas microprocessor has just sufficient number of on-chip devices to act as the CPU, a number of other auxiliary devices are needed to get a working microcontroller.
The family of second generation microcontrollers from Intel, the 8051 and other related devices, has brought about a new revolution in this field. While the early microcontrollers had only limited memory and existent serial I/O capability, the 8051 provides for 4k PROM/ROM, 128 byte RAM and 32 I/O lines. It also includes a universal asynchronous receive-transmit (UART) device, two 16-bit timer/counter and elaborate Interrupt logic. Lack of multiply and divide instructions, has also been taken care of in the 8051. For the requirement of more memory 89C52 microcontroller was implemented in this project.
The AT89C52 is a low power, high performance CMOS 8 bit microcomputer with 8 Kbytes of flash programmable and Erasable read only memory. This device is manufactured using Atmel’s high density non volatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry standard. The on chip flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in system or by a conventional non volatile memory programmer. By combining the versatile 8 bit CPU with flash on a monolithic chip the Atmel AT89C52 is a powerful micro computer which provides highly flexible and cost effective solutions to many embedded control applications.
The 89C52 is a single chip microcomputer with I/O port, timer, clock generator, Data memory, program memory stack, ADC and serial ports etc.
Ø 8 bit CPU with registers A and B.
Ø 16 bit Program Counter and Data Pointer.
Ø 8 bit Program Status Word.
Ø 8 bit stack pointer.
Ø Internal ROM of 8K bytes.
Ø Internal RAM of 256 bytes, 4 register banks each containing 8registers.
Ø Two 16 bit timer / counter.
Ø Full duplex serial data receiver/transmitter.
Ø Special function registers like TCON, TMOD and SCON etc.
Ø Two external and three internal interrupt sources.
Micro controllers are used in automatically controlled products and devices such as automobile engine control systems, home security systems, hotel security and monitoring systems, remote controls, office machines, appliances, power tools, and toys. By reducing the size and cost compared to a design that uses a separate microprocessor, memory, and input/output devices, microcontrollers make it economical to digitally control even more devices and processes.
4.1.2 Pin Details of 89C52
The on-chip oscillator of 8031 can be used to generator system clock. Depending upon version of the device, crystals from 3.5 to 12 MHz may be used for this purpose. The system clock is internally divided by 6 and the resultant time period becomes one processor cycle. The instructions take mostly one or two processor cycles. The ALE (address latch enable) pulse rate is 1/6th of the system clock, except during access of internal program memory, and thus can be used for timing purposes.
The two internal timers are wired to the system clock and persecuting factor is decided by the software apart from the count stored in the two bytes of the timer control registers. One of the counters, as mentioned earlier, is used for generation of baud rate clock for the UART. It would be of interest to point out that the 8052 has a third timer which is usually used for generation of baud rate.
VSS
Circuit ground potential.
VCC
5-volt power supply input for normal operation and program verification.
PORT 0
Port o is an 8-bit open drain BI directional input output port. It is also the multiplexed low ordered address and data bus when using external memory. it is used for data output during program verification Port 0 can sink (and in bus operations can source) 8 LSTTL loads.
PORT 1
Port 1 is an 8 bit quasi bi-directional I/O port. It is also used for low order address byte during program verification. Port 1 can sink / source 4 LSTTL loads.
PORT 2
Port 2 is an 8 bit quasi bi-directional I/O port. It also emits the high order address byte when according external memory. It is used for the high order address and the control signals during program verification. Port 2 can sink / source 4 LSTTL loads.
PORT 3
Port 3 is an 8 bit quasi bi-directional I/O port with internal pull ups. It also serves the function of various special features of the MCS-51th.
Family of alternate functions are listed below
P3.0 RXD (serial input port)
P3.1 TXD (serial input port)
P3.2 INTO (external interrupt)
P3.3 INT1 (external interrupt)
P3.4 TO (timer /counter 1 external input)
P3.5 T1 (timer/ counter 1 external input)
P3.6 WR (external data memory-write strobe)
P3.7 RD (external data memory read strobe)
The output latch corresponding to a secondary function must be programmed to a one (1) for that function to operate. Port 3 can sink /source 4 LSTTL loads.
RST
A high on this pin for two-machine cycle while the oscillator is running rests the devices. A small external pull down resistor (=8.2 kilo ohms) from RST to VSS permits power on reset when a capacitor (=10 microfarad) is also connected from this pin to VCC.
ALE
Address latch enable output for latching the low byte during access to external memory. ALE is activated at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency except during an external data memory access at which time one ALE pulse is skipped.
PSEN
The program store enable output for latching the low byte of the during access to external memory six oscillator periods except during external data memory access PSEN remains high during internal program memory. Do not float EA during normal operation.
XTAL 1
Input to the inverting amplifier that forms the part of the oscillator and input to the internal clock generator. XTAL2 receives the oscillator signal when an external oscillator used.
XTAL 2
Output of the inverting amplifier that forms the part of the oscillator and input to the interval clock generator. XTAL2 receives the oscillator signal when an external oscillator used.
4.1.3 Power Supply
The AT89C52 operates with a single +5V power supply. It consists of two power supply pins Vcc and Vss. Power supply is given to Vcc with respect to Vss, which is power supply ground.
4.1.4 Reset Circuit
In AT89C52 the reset input is RST pin. A reset is accomplished by holding the RST pin high for at least two machine cycles( 24 oscillator periods), while the oscillator is running. The CPU responds by generating an internal reset with the timing.
The reset in AT89C52 is positive active, which means that the processor runs when the reset pin is held low. This is in contrast to the other devices that all have a negatively active reset. The AT89C51 has an internal pull down and RC delay circuit built in to delay the processor setup until the built in oscillator operation has stabilized.
Figure. 4.1.4 Reset circuit
4.1.5 Program Memory
Up to 8 Kbytes of the program memory can reside on the chip. In addition the device addresses up to 64 Kbytes of program memory external to the chip.
4.1.6 Data Memory
This microcontroller has a 256 on-chip RAM. In addition it can address up to 64K bytes of external data memory.
4.2 APR 9600
In this project we used APR 9600 voice chip as a voice recording and play back device. It has 60-sec duration.
4.2.1 Features
Ø single chip, high quality voice recording and play back solution
Ø No. external I.C.s required
Ø Minimum external components.
Ø Non volatile flash memory technology.
Ø No battery backup required.
Ø User selectable messaging options.
Ø Sequential access of multiples variable duration message.
Ø User friendly. Easy to use operation
Ø Programming and development systems not required.
Ø Level activated recording and edge-activated play back
Ø Level activated recording and edge-activated play back switches
Ø Low power consumption
Ø Operating current 25 milli amps
Ø Stand by current 1 micro amp
Ø Automatic power down
Ø Chip enable for simple message expansion
4.2.2 General Description
APR 9600 device offers true single chip voice recording, non volatile storage and play back capability for 40 to 60 seconds, the device supports both random and sequential access of multiple messages. Sample rates are user selectable, allowing definers to customize their design for unique quality and storage time needs. Integrated output amplifier, microphone amplifier and AGC circuits greatly simplify system design, the device is ideal for use in portable voice recorders, toys and many other consumer and industrial application.
A plus integrated achieves this high levels of storage technology implemented in an advanced flash non volatile memory process, where each memory cell can store 256 voltage levels. This technology enables the natural from. It eliminates the need for encoding compression, which often introduces distortion.
4.2.3 Functional Description:
The block diagram (architecture) of APR 9600 is as At the hand side of the diagram are the analog inputs. A differential microphone amplifier including integrated AGC is included on chip for application requiring its use. The amplified microphone signal is fed into the device by connecting the Ana_Out pin to Ana_In pin though and external DC blocking capacitor. Recording can be fed directly into the An a_In pin though a DC blocking capacitor, however the connection between Ana_In and An a_Out is still required for play block. The next block encountered by the input signal is the internal analyzing filter. The filter automatically adjusts its response according to the sampling frequency selected so Shannon’s sampling theorem is satisfied.
After anti aliasing filtering is accomplished the signal is ready to be clocked into memory array. This storage is accomplished though combination of the sample is accomplished though combination of the sample and hold circuit and the analog read/ write circuits. When play back is desired the previously stored recording is retrieved from memory low pass filtered and amplified as shown on the right band side of the diagram. The signal can be heard by connecting a speaker to the sp+ & sp- pins. Chip wide management is accomplished though the device control block shown in the upper right hand corner.
Message management is controlled though the message control block represented in the lower center of the block diagram.play back and record operations are managed by on chip circuitry. There are several available messaging modes depending upon desired operation these message modes determine message management style, message length and external parts count. Therefore designer must select the appropriate operating mode.
| MODE | MSEL1 | MSEL2 | M8-OPTION |
| 1 random access 2 Fixed duration message | 0 | 1 | Pull this pin to Vcc though 100kreg |
| 2 random access 4 fixed duration message | 1 | 0 | Pull this pin to Vcc though 100kg |
| 3 random access 8 fixed | 1 | 1 | Becomes the m 8 message trigpin |
| Tape mode, normal operation | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 5 tape mode, auto rewind operation | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Table 4.2.3 Modes of APR9600
In this project we have selected the 5th mode of operation that is ‘tape mode, auto rewind operation’ because we need the message to be automatically rewind to the start of message every time.
4.2.4 PIN DIAGRAM OF APR 9600
Figure 4.2.4 Pin diagram
| Pin 1: M1_message | : A low edge on this pin plays or records the current message |
| Pin 2: M2_Next | :this active low input pin forces a skip to the next message for either play back or recording |
| Pin 3,4,5,6: M3 to M8 | : These pins should not be connected when the in auto rewind mode. |
| Pin 7 : OSCR | : Oscillator register this input allow an external register to be connected to the tank circuit of the internal oscillation |
| Pin 8 : M7_ End | : During the play back a low level on this pin indicates that all recorded message has been played. |
| Pin10:Busy | : This pin indicates that the device is currently busying internal functions & can neither record nor play back at the current time. |
| Pin 11: BE | : If this pin is pull high, bees is enabled if it is low, beef is disabled. |
| Pin 12: VssD | :Digital GND connection |
| Pin 13 VssA | :Analog Gnd connection |
| Pin 14:Spt | :Positive output for speaker connection |
| Pin15 Sp- | :negative output for speaker connection |
| Pin 16 VCCA | :Analog positive power supply |
| Pin17: Mic in | : Microphone input : should be connected to the input as out lined in the reference schematic |
| Pin 18: Mic ref | :Microphone ground reference |
| Pin 19 AGC | :Automatic gain control attack time the time constant of the RC n/w connected to this input determined AGC attack time |
| Pin 21 Ana_out | An analog out this pin must be connected to ana_in though 0.1micro farad. |
| Pin 22 strobe | :this pin indicates programming of each individual recording of each individual recording segment. The falling edge regins the beginning of sector and raising edge and sector is half full. |
| Pin 23:CE:Chip enable | :A low level in this pin enable the device for operation. |
| Pin 24 MSEL1: Mode Select 1 | This pin in conjunction with MSEC2 & M8 option sets record and play back operation mode. |
| Pin 25 MSEC2 | :This pin in conjunction with MSEL2&M8_option sets record and play back operation mode |
| Pin 26 External clock | :This clock can be used instead of the internal clk for greater programming control and accuracy. When using the internal clock, this pin should be grounded. |
| Pin 27 RE: Recorded Enable | : This pin controls whether the device is in write or read mode. Logic high is read. |
| Pin 28 VccD | Digital Positive Power Supply |
Table 4.2.4 Pin Description Of APR 9600
4.2.5 TAPE MODE USING AUTO REWIND OPTION:
Functional Decription of play back mode on power-up, the device is ready to record or play back.
Before the beginning of play back the CE input must be set to low to enable the device and RE must be set to high to disable recording and enable play back.
The first high to low going pulse of the M1 message pin initiates play back from the beginning of the current message. When the M1 message pin pulses low the second time, the play back of current message stops immediately. When the M1 message pin pulses low a third time. Play back of the current message starts again from its beginning. If you hold the M1- message pin low continuously the same message will play continuously in looping fashion.
A 1,530ms period of silence or delay is inserted during looping as an indicator to the user of the transition between the beginning and end of the message.
Note that in auto rewind mode, the device always rewinds to the beginning of the current message. To listen to a subsequent message the device must be fast-forwarded past the current message to the next message. This function is accomplished by toggling the M2 next pin from high to low. The pulse must be low for lest 400 cycle of the sample clock.
A special case exists when the M2_next pin goes low during play back. Play back of the current message will stop the device will bees, advance to the next message and initiates play back of next message.
If the CE pin goes low during play back, play back of the current message will stop, the device will bees, rest to the beginning of the first message and wait for a subsequent play back command.
When you reach the end of memory array, any subsequent pulsing of M1 message or M2 next will only result in double beeps.
To proceed from this state the user must rewind the device to the beginning of the memory array. This can be accomplished by toggling CE pin low or cycling power.
4.2.6 RECORDING MODE
On power up, the device is ready to record of play back, starting of the first address in the memory array. To record ICE must be set low to enable the device and IRE must be set low to enable recording. A falling edge of the [M1-message pin initiates voice recording (indicated by one beep). A subsequent was raising edge of the recording (also indicated by one beep). If the (M1-message pin is held low beyond the end of the available memory, recording will stop automatically (indicated by two beeps). The device will then assert logic low on the sample clock regardless of the state of the M1-message pin. The device returns to standby mode the M1-message pi goes high again).
After recording is finished the device will automatically rewind to the beginning of the most recently recorded message and wait for the next user input. The auto rewind function is convenient because it allows the user to immediately playback and review the message without need to rewind.
4.3 CENTRAL TIMING UNIT
It is a ripple (4060) IC. When switch is pressed, output of 4060 goes high twice a second. RC network enables the 40 KHz oscillator for about 0.3ms, So that the emitted burst contains 12 periods of the 40 KHz signal.
4.4 ULTRASONIC SENSOR
Figure 4.4 Ultrasonic sensor
The Ping sensor is a device you can use with the BASIC Stamp to measure how faraway an object is. With a range of 3 centimeters to 3.3 meters, it's a shoe-in for any number of robotics and automation projects. It's also remarkably accurate, easily detecting an object's distance down to the half centimeter
4.5 HOW DOES THE PING))) SENSOR WORK?
Figure 3.5 shows how the Ping))) sensor sends a brief chirp with its ultrasonic speaker and makes it possible for the BASIC Stamp to measure the time it takes the echo to return to its ultrasonic microphone. The BASIC Stamp starts by sending the Ping))) sensor a pulse to start the measurement. Then, the Ping))) sensor waits long enough for the BASIC Stamp program to start a PULSIN command. At the same time the Ping))) sensor chirps its 40 kHz tone, it sends a high signal to the BASIC Stamp. When the Ping))) sensor detects the echo with its ultrasonic microphone, it changes that high signal back to low. The BASIC Stamp's PULSIN command stores how long the high signal from the Ping)))sensor lasted in a variable. The time measurement is how long it took sound to travel to the object and back. With this measurement, you can then use the speed of sound in air to make your program calculate the object's distance in centimeters, inches, feet, etc...
Features
Ø Supply Voltage – 5 VDC
Ø Supply Current – 30 mA typ; 35 mA max
Ø Range – 2 cm to 3 m (0.8 in to 3.3 yrds)
Ø Input Trigger – positive TTL pulse, 2 μS min, 5 μS typ.
Ø Echo Pulse – positive TTL pulse, 115 μS to 18.5 ms
Ø Echo Hold-off – 750 μs from fall of Trigger pulse
Ø Burst Frequency – 40 kHz for 200 μs
Ø Burst Indicator LED shows sensor activity
Ø Delay before next measurement – 200 μs
Ø Size – 22 mm H x 46 mm W x 16 mm D (0.84 in x 1.8 in x 0.6 in)Dimensions
4.5.1 TX SECTION
The transmitter section consists of central timing unit, 40 KHz oscr, Hex inverter and buffer and transmitter. When switch s is pressed the o/p of 4060 goes high 2 times/sec thereby triggering 40 KHz oscillator. The o/p of oscillator is given to bistable whose o/p goes high. The oscillator o/p is buffered and given to transmitter.
4.5.2 RX SECTION
The signal is received by receiver which is further amplified by amplifier and is given to a comparator. Then the comparator triggers bistable. Now the o/p goes low. His pulse width is measured an calibrated interms of distance. Low his pulse width is measured an calibrated interms of distance.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
The main advantages of ultrasonic sensors are due to the continuous interrogation of the quantities of interest by a wave field and the immaterial sensing principle. These are
Ø Excellent long term stability.
Ø Low power consumption and low cost realization.
Ø Directional sensitivity.
Ø High structural resolution due to large bandwidth.
Ø Remote measurement, low interference with objects to be detected, sensitivity to virtually all kinds of objects.
Ø Imperviousness to wetness, contamination or wear.
4.6 DC MOTOR
This section contains information about implementing dc motors in a mechanical system. Primary emphasis is placed on DC permanent magnet motors, since these motors are the most common, least expensive, and lightest type of motors.
The modern machines, including the positioning systems, the robots, the flexible. Manufacturing systems and the application specific machine-tools, require a form of Energy conversion toward mechanical energy. There are well known types of energy Converters such as electric motors, pneumatic motors, hydraulic motors etc. Perhaps the most widely used motors are the electric ones because of their high flexibility and reliabilities well as of their cost.
The common electric motors can be grouped in four major classes: DC motors,
Stepper motors, asynchronous motors and synchronous motors. The mechatronicsystems, robots and low to medium power machine-tools often use DC motors to drive their work loads. These motors have rather simple functional and constructive models. There are several well known methods to control DC motors such as: PI, PID orb positional.
These can quite easily be implemented using analog electronics. However, modern digital computers provide an easy way of implementing very complex control algorithms. This paper intends to present a simple technique for designing a DC motor speed controller based on system theory concepts. Even if the controller model may seem complex and its analog electronic implementation may actually be just that, its implementation using a digital computer is not difficult. However, this paper only presents the continuous time design. With very little modifications, this system can be adapted to control the position or the acceleration of the motor. For more complex systems, additional current controllers can be used.
4.7 Power Supply
Main building block of any electronic system is the power supply to provide required power for their operation. For the microcontroller, audio amplifier, keyboard, edge connector +5V is required. The power supply provides regulated output voltage of +5V, and non regulated output voltage +12V.
Three terminal IC 7805 meets the requirement of +5V regulated. The secondary voltage from the main transformer is rectified by diodes D1-D4 and is filtered by capacitor C1. This unregulated dc voltage is supplied to input pin of regulator IC. C2 is an input bypass capacitor and C3 is to improve ripple rejection.
The IC used are fixed regulator with internal short circuit current limiting and thermal shut downcapability.Power supply required for the micro controller 89C52 is 5 volts. The LM78XX series of three terminal regulators is available with several fixed output voltages making them useful in a wide range of applications.
Initially a step down transformer is used to step down the input voltage to be given to the rectifier, which converts A.C voltage to D.C voltage.
The transformer produces 12 volts D.C. This is given to the 7805-voltage regulator to produce 5 volts D.C. The voltage ranges of different 78XX series like LM7805C used for 5V.
4.8 Relay Driver
Relay Driver Circuit is a part of the Fire Detection circuit. It is used to send a signal when it there is sudden variation in the temperature. The sudden change in the temperature may occur due to the fire break out under any circumstances, and under these conditions the fire detection circuit consists of relay drive that enables the transmitter to respond with certain action to the fire caused and also sends a message to the owner and also to the neighbor.
The main use of Relay Driver circuit is to shut down the electric connection throughout the house and ensure that the fire accident does not cause much more severe impact on the electrical connections.
The electric power is shut down when a fire accident is reported to the thermistor which in-turn informs the microcontroller about the fire. Now the microcontroller sends a signal back to fire detection circuit which again passes on to the relay driver circuit causing the electrical connection to shutdown. By shutting down the electrical connections the further damage that can be caused by fire can be reduced and safety can be ensured through this security system.
The relay subsystem is an electrically-operated switch. The relay switches when the signal coming into the driver is high. It must be connected to a transducer driver subsystem.
The relay circuit uses a DPDT (double-pole, double-throw) relay:
Relays use an electromagnetic coil to move the poles of a switch when powered. There are three pairs of connections known as common, normally open and normally closed.
The centre terminal block is the common (CO) connection and is connected to either the upper or lower terminal block depending on the state of the relay.
When not switched, the centre terminal block is connected to the normally closed (NC) lower terminal block. When switched, the centre terminal block is connected to the normally open (NO) upper terminal block.
Figure. 4.8(c) Switching of Relays
The relay coil is connected between the supply rail and the input signal. This acts as load on the driver. When the input signal coming into the relay subsystem is low, a potential difference across the relay coil causes current to flow. It is this flow of current that causes contacts to switch.
CHAPTER 5
IMPLEMENTATION
5.1 Design
Here the vehicle is constructed by using two DC motors which are controlled by the microcontroller. And the vehicle is fitted with two set of ultrasonic Transceiver at the Front end and Back end to sense the Opposite coming and Back coming vehicles.
The transceiver will be always transmitting the ultrasonic signals towards incoming vehicles, if any vehicle comes very nearer, the ultrasonic transceiver will receive the echo signal, and the output of this will be in the form of high signal if the transmitted signal hits to the any objects and it receives echo signal back. Then this signal will be given to the microcontroller where it monitors for the object detection. If objects comes in the range of the ultrasonic transceiver then microcontroller will trigger the IC APR 9600 to announce pre recorded warning message in it. And it stops the rotating DC motors to stop the vehicle.
The LED is used to indicate that the obstacle is from the front side or from the back side.
In this vehicle the RF receiver is used so by this we will come to know about the warning zones. Then controller will control the Speed of the vehicle automatically. In that particular zone user will not have control towards the vehicle so he cannot increase the speed. But after coming out from the warning zones the controller will give control to the user so by that he increase or decrease the speed manually.
Features:
Ø It detects the objects which appear front side and back side of vehicle, Which comes inside the range of ultrasonic transceiver.
Ø It plays the warning messages.
Ø It gives the LED indication.
Ø It has the Auto zone detection technology.
Ø It has automatic speed control in the warning zones.
Ø It has got Auto breaking system.
Ø It has got manual speed control.
CHAPTER 7
APPLICATIONS
Ø It can be used while parking.
Ø It can be used on the roads while vehicle is moving.
Ø It avoids the accident’s and alert’s the driver.
Ø It has got Automatic speed control in the warning zones like the (school, College, police station, Hospital and some other restricted sites).
CHAPTER 8
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGE
8.1 ADVANTAGES
Ø We will get accident free roads if we implement this anti-collision system to every vehicle compulsorily.
Ø Auto zone detection is very nice concept since vehicle can go slowly in this region automatically and avoids the accident between vehicles and passer_ by people.
Ø The driver can understand the situation of vehicle and warnings through LED indication and voice announcement in both the way
.
8.2 DISADVANTAGE
Ø As the vehicular population is increases if we adopt this anti-collision system compulsorily then the vehicular movement can be stopped for long time and traffic delay will be increased
CHAPTER 9
CONCLUSION
9.1 CONCLUSION
It has three different speeds. It stop while obstacle is comes in sensor range in front of the vehicle. At this stage vehicle can only move in reverse path. It also gives LED indication and voice announcement. So by this it avoids accident.
If object detected behind the vehicle then it gives LED indication and warning. So by this it alerts the drive.
In warning zone the speed will become minimum. We cannot change it throughout this stage, Accident free and safe roads. High assured security to both the people and vehicles.
9.2 RECOMMENDATION FOR THE FUTURE WORK
Ø It can be used for big networks where the large number of vehicles used like for bus station’s by using camera.
Ø By using camera we can get the online information. We can surely get the information about the vehicle condition. It is helpful to public sector and users.
Ø It is also avoids the traffic jam and accidents in large or metropolitan cities.
